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Argentina is consistently one of the world's top three soybean oil exporters and a major exporter of sunflower oil, canola oil, and peanut oil. The country's crushing and refining capacity is concentrated in the Gran Rosario industrial complex — a 70-kilometre stretch along the Paraná River north of Rosario, Santa Fe province, which processes more oilseed per kilometre of river frontage than any other industrial region on earth. Major facilities operate at Puerto General San Martín, San Lorenzo, Villa Constitución, Diamante, and Timbúes. World-class terminals and crushing plants here include: Bunge Argentina (San Lorenzo — one of Bunge's largest global crushing operations); Cargill Argentina (Villa Constitución and San Martín); AGD (Aceitera General Deheza — Villa Constitución, with annual soybean crush capacity of approximately 12,000 tonnes/day); Louis Dreyfus Argentina (Timbúes terminal, state-of-the-art deep-water export terminal); Molinos Agro (part of Grupo Pérez Companc — San Lorenzo); Oleaginosa Moreno Hermanos (Bahía Blanca — Glencore subsidiary); and ADM Argentina (Sunchales, Córdoba, and San Martín operations).

Argentina's soybean harvest occurs March–May, with new crop soybeans entering the crush from April–June, making Argentine soybean oil available for export loading from May onwards. This counter-seasonal timing to North American and European production creates strategic supply window opportunities for buyers during Northern Hemisphere harvest gaps. Sunflower cultivation in Buenos Aires province and La Pampa is harvested February–April, making Argentine sunflower oil the earliest available new-crop sunflower of each calendar year — typically 2–3 months ahead of Northern Hemisphere (Ukrainian, Turkish) sunflower. High-oleic sunflower oil is also produced in Argentina from HSUN (high-oleic sunflower) seed varieties, contracted by processors from Pampas farmers. Peanut oil is another notable Argentine export: Córdoba province (Villa del Rosario, Córdoba city environs) is South America's primary peanut growing and processing region, producing refined peanut oil exported particularly to Europe and the UK. Canola (rapeseed) cultivation is a growing segment in the Argentine pampas, with increasing crush and export volumes.

Argentina's most distinctive trade feature is its sistema de retenciones — export taxes applied to soybean oil (typically 24–33%), sunflower oil (typically 7–12%), and other agricultural exports. These taxes are paid by the Argentine exporter before export and are factored into the FOB Rosario price quote — buyers receive prices that already reflect the tax burden. Changes in Argentine government export tax policy (which occur periodically with government transitions and fiscal pressures) can cause significant FOB price volatility, as Argentine exporters accelerate or defer sales in anticipation of policy changes. The current retenciones structure should always be verified with an Argentine commodity broker or exporter before agreeing terms, as rates can change by presidential decree.

Food safety and export certification: SENASA (Servicio Nacional de Sanidad Alimentaria — Argentina's National Food Safety and Quality Service) is the primary export certification authority. All vegetable oil exports from Argentina require a SENASA Export Certificate (Certificado Sanitario de Exportación) confirming product compliance with Argentine and destination-country food safety requirements. The Argentine National Food Code (Código Alimentario Argentino — CAA) governs domestic food standards and serves as the basis for export certificate compliance. HACCP and ISO 22000 are standard certifications at major Argentine exporting facilities. Halal certification is available from Argentine-based ICAL (Ente Islámico de Certificación de la Argentina Latinoamérica) and other certifiers for Muslim-majority destination markets. Organic sunflower and soybean oil is available from certified organic Argentine producers, with EU organic equivalence recognition enabling direct export to the EU under the Argentine organic equivalence agreement.

Port logistics: the Paraná waterway (Hidrovia del Paraná) is the critical logistics artery — vessels enter via the Río de la Plata, transit upstream to Rosario corridor terminals for loading. River drafts are a constant concern: low water seasons (typically December–February) can restrict vessel size and require lightening operations. Standard vessel sizes for Argentine grain and oil exports include Handysize (10,000–35,000 DWT), Handymax/Supramax (40,000–60,000 DWT), and occasionally Panamax (65,000–80,000 DWT) vessels when draft conditions allow. Buenos Aires Port (Puerto Buenos Aires — La Plata and Terminal 5) handles packaged cooking oil exports in containers, as well as some bulk liquid in ISO tanks.