Wholesale Pigment & Dye Suppliers
Pigments and dyes provide colour to coatings, inks, plastics, textiles, personal care, and food products. Towobo connects manufacturers and formulators with verified wholesale suppliers of inorganic pigments (TiO₂, iron oxides, chrome yellow alternatives, carbon black), organic pigments (phthalocyanine blue and green, azo pigments, quinacridones, perylenes), textile dyes (reactive, disperse, acid, vat, direct), and food/cosmetic colours. Sourced from India, China, Germany, Japan, and USA with REACH registration, OEKO-TEX compatibility data, and DIN EN ISO colour fastness test results.
Pigments vs Dyes: Key Distinction
Pigments are insoluble colouring particles dispersed in a medium (ink vehicle, plastic resin, paint binder) — they provide opacity and light fastness, and retain their particle structure. Dyes are soluble colouring substances that chemically bond to or dissolve in the substrate — used in textiles, leather, food, and pharmaceuticals. Key implications: pigments require grinding/dispersion to achieve colour development; dyes require fixation to the substrate for washfastness. In textiles: reactive dyes form covalent bonds with cotton OH groups (wash fastness ISO 4A–5); disperse dyes dissolve into polyester fibre at high temperature (washing fastness 3–4); acid dyes bond to nylon and wool via ionic interaction.
Organic vs Inorganic Pigments
Inorganic pigments: Titanium dioxide (TiO₂, Rutile or Anatase) — world's largest volume pigment, whiteness, opacity; Iron oxide pigments (red, yellow, black, brown — Fe₂O₃, FeOOH) — natural and synthetic grades, excellent light fastness, used in coatings and concrete; Carbon black (tinting strength, conductivity in rubber); Ultramarine blue and violet (silicate-based, heat stable to 400°C). Organic pigments: Phthalocyanine Blue (PB15 — bright cyan, high tinting strength, transparent); Phthalocyanine Green (PG7 — strong green, halogenated); Azo pigments — Hansa Yellows, Diarylide Yellows, Monoazo Reds, Naphthol Reds; Quinacridone pigments (PV19 — violet, PR122 — magenta; high transparency and light fastness); Perylene pigments (high heat stability >300°C, for automotive OEM coatings).
REACH Restrictions on Azo Dyes and SVHC Colorants
Several azo dyes are restricted under REACH Regulation due to reductive cleavage producing carcinogenic aromatic amines (listed in Annex XVII, Entry 43). Restricted azo dyes: those cleaving to 4-aminoazobenzene, benzidine, 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine, and 21 other listed amines are prohibited in textile/leather articles sold to consumers at concentrations >30 mg/kg. Testing: ISO 14362-1 (aqueous extraction of amines from azo dyes). Chromate pigments (lead chromate, PY34) face restrictions (SVHC) — substitute with organic azo yellows or nickel azo yellow (check SVHC separately). Cadmium pigments face EU marketing restrictions. Buyers targeting EU/US markets should always confirm azo dye testing compliance and SVHC absence declarations.
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