卸売柑橘類・オレンジサプライヤー

Navel oranges (Washington Navel, Navelina, Cara Cara): seedless, easy-peel, excellent fresh eating quality; winter season (Spain: November–April; South Africa: July–September; USA: November–April). Valencia oranges: juicing variety; summer season; Spain (April–June), South Africa (July–October). Blood oranges (Tarocco, Moro, Sanguinello): Italy (Sicily) dominant; Tarocco is PDO-protected; season December–March; distinctive red/ruby flesh from anthocyanins. Lemons (Eureka, Lisbon, Primofiori): year-round production through multiple origins; Spain (Verdelli winter lemon), Argentina (summer season), Turkey (Mersin). Limes (Persian/Tahiti, Key/Mexican): Persian lime dominates export trade from Mexico and Brazil; year-round. Grapefruit (Rio Red, Marsh Seedless, Star Ruby): USA (Florida — declining), South Africa, Israel; bitter-sweet segment. Pomelo (Shaddock): China and Thailand; primarily domestic consumption with export into Asian diaspora markets.

For fresh eating oranges, the minimum Brix/acid ratio is a key quality indicator. EU marketing standards for Navel oranges require minimum Brix 7.5°; internal standards for supermarket buyers typically specify ≥10° Brix. For Valencia juicing oranges, juice content ≥45 ml/100g and Brix/acid ratio ≥7.5 is standard. NFC (Not-From-Concentrate) orange juice: extracted, pasteurised, and packed — premium over FCOJ; requires flavour pack management to maintain consistent flavour profile year-round. FCOJ (Frozen Concentrated Orange Juice): concentrated at 65–66° Brix; mainly from Brazil (LOUIS DREYFUS COMPANY, Citrosuco/Fischer, Cutrale — the big three processors). For bulk FCOJ buyers, contracts are typically based on 65° Brix single-strength equivalent pricing. Lemon citric acid content (≥3.5 g/100 ml juice) and juice content (≥25 ml/100g) are minimum EU marketing standard requirements.

Citrus is routinely treated with postharvest fungicides and wax coatings to extend shelf life. Key postharvest fungicides: imazalil (Fungaflor), thiabendazole (TBZ), pyrimethanil, and fludioxonil — EU MRLs exist for all, and residue testing at EU borders is routine. The EU RASFF portal consistently logs alerts for excessive imazalil and thiabendazole residues on citrus from South Africa, Egypt, and Turkey. Buyers should require pre-shipment residue testing against the specific EU MRL list for fungicides on citrus. Citrus wax coating (carnauba, shellac, polyethylene) is permitted in EU but must be declared on retail labelling. Thiabendazole-free protocols are increasingly demanded by organic and clean-label retailers. GLOBALG.A.P. requires documented pesticide usage records and spray diaries.

Spain (Valencia, Murcia, Almería): EU's largest citrus exporter; Navel (November–March), Clementine (October–January), Valencia Orange (April–June), lemon (year-round); GlobalGAP near-universal; IFS/BRC food safety audits for supermarket supply; FEPEX export data. South Africa (Western Cape, Eastern Cape — Sundays River Valley): dominant southern hemisphere citrus exporter; Navel (July–September), Valencia (August–October), Clementine (July–August), Lemon (April–November); PPECB inspection mandatory; GlobalGAP; SIZA social certification; EU-SADC EPA preferential tariff. Brazil (São Paulo state): world's #1 FCOJ producer; Valencia orange dominant; primarily juice processing; CITRO export association. Egypt (Fayoum, Alexandria, Nile Delta): Navel orange, lemon, mandarin; competitive pricing; season November–April; growing EU market penetration. Turkey (Mersin, Adana, Antalya): Navel, Valencia, lemon; EU Customs Union for some products; season October–April. Morocco (Souss-Massa region): Navel, Clementine; EU and Middle East export; ADA Souss phytosanitary certification.

NFC (Not From Concentrate) orange juice is the premium segment in the juice market, growing at the expense of FCOJ in European and North American retail. Key NFC production origins: Spain (squeezed and pasteurised for EU supermarkets), Brazil (small NFC segment — mainly domestic), Florida USA (declining). NFC is pasteurised at 85–95°C and aseptically packed (Bag-in-Box/IBC for bulk), with shelf life of 6–12 months refrigerated. FCOJ from Brazil is the global commodity benchmark — contracts typically reference the Intercontinental Exchange (ICE) Orange Juice Futures as a pricing index. Lemon juice (single-strength or concentrated), lime juice, and grapefruit juice are further processed citrus products available for bulk procurement. Argentina is the world's leading lemon juice and lemon essential oil exporter (Tucumán province).