موردو الجملة للمكونات الإلكترونية السلبية

Passive component categories and specifications

Passive electronic components are non-active circuit elements that do not amplify or switch signals: resistors — chip resistors (0402, 0603, 0805, 1206 SMD; also 0201, 01005 for ultra-miniature applications), through-hole resistors, current sense resistors, precision thin-film resistors; capacitors — MLCCs (the highest-volume passive component, used for decoupling, filtering, and timing — available from 0.47pF to 100µF in ceramic X7R, X5R, C0G/NP0 dielectrics), electrolytic capacitors (aluminium electrolytic for bulk capacitance, polymer electrolytic for low ESR), film capacitors (polyester, polypropylene — for AC applications and high-frequency filtering), tantalum capacitors (compact, stable, used in medical and military applications); inductors — chip inductors (power inductors for buck/boost converters, signal inductors for RF filtering), common-mode chokes (differential-mode EMI suppression), ferrite beads (high-frequency noise suppression); and EMC components — varistors/MOVs (surge protection), TVS diodes, common-mode chokes, and EMI filter arrays. Component specifications critical to selection: resistance tolerance (±0.1%, ±1%, ±5%), temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) in ppm/°C, capacitance tolerance (±5%, ±10%, ±20%), voltage rating, temperature range, X7R vs C0G dielectric (X7R: ±15% capacitance change -55°C to +125°C; C0G: ±0.03% — used where high stability is needed), and DCR (DC resistance) for inductors affecting efficiency in power circuits.