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Conventional hydraulic injection moulding machines use a constant-speed hydraulic pump — energy-efficient only when the clamp or injection unit is in full use, which in typical moulding cycles means significant idle power consumption. They remain the most cost-competitive option for large machines (above 1,000 tonnes clamping force) where servo alternatives are significantly more expensive. Servo-hydraulic injection moulding machines use a servo motor-driven hydraulic pump that operates only when movement is required — reducing energy consumption by 30–60% compared to conventional hydraulic machines, with faster response, better repeatability, and lower hydraulic oil consumption. Servo machines are the current market standard for new installations in the 50–1,600 tonne range. All-electric injection moulding machines use servo motors for all machine movements with no hydraulic system — delivering the highest energy efficiency, cleanroom-compatible operation (no oil), highest precision and repeatability, and fastest dry cycle times. All-electric machines are preferred for medical, optical, and high-precision applications; the premium over servo-hydraulic is significant but justified where output quality and energy saving are priorities. Two-platen and large-machine hydraulic configurations dominate the above 2,000 tonne market.

The two primary machine specifications are clamping force (in tonnes) and shot weight (in grams of polystyrene equivalent). Clamping force must be sufficient to keep the mould closed against cavity pressure during injection — undersizing causes flash; oversizing wastes energy. Shot weight must accommodate the total volume of all cavities in the mould plus sprue and runner. Guidance: calculate projected area (cm²) × cavity pressure (typically 300–600 bar for PP/PE/ABS), then add a 15–20% safety margin for clamping force selection. For shot weight, calculate cavity volume (cm³) × material density × number of cavities, then add 20–30% for sprue/runner and safety margin. Tie bar spacing (platen dimensions) must accommodate your mould's width and height. Daylight (maximum mould opening) must allow ejection of the deepest part. For multi-component or insert moulding, confirm the machine's special function availability.

Modern injection moulding cells typically integrate the machine with a side-entry or top-entry robot for part removal and placement, a conveyor, a quality inspection system, and downstream packaging. When specifying a machine, confirm: Euromap 67 or SPI interface for robot integration; available mould height range (minimum and maximum mould height the machine can accommodate); ejector stroke and force; cooling water connection specification; control system language and remote access capability for diagnostics. Questions to ask machinery suppliers: What is the typical energy consumption (kWh per tonne of output) for this machine type at your target cycle time? What local service and spare parts support is available? What is the machine's rated screw L/D ratio and what is the changeable barrel/screw configuration? What warranty is provided and what are the exclusion conditions?