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Welding process types and equipment selection

Welding processes and corresponding equipment: MIG/MAG welding (Metal Inert Gas / Metal Active Gas, also known as GMAW — Gas Metal Arc Welding) — the most widely used production welding process; semi-automatic or robotic; uses continuous consumable wire electrode fed through the torch; MIG (inert gas — argon or argon/helium mix) for aluminium, stainless, and reactive metals; MAG (active gas — CO2 or Ar/CO2 mix) for mild and low-alloy steel; key specs: output current range (A), duty cycle (%), wire diameter range (mm), voltage control (steps or continuous), and synergic programme database; TIG welding (Tungsten Inert Gas, GTAW — Gas Tungsten Arc Welding) — non-consumable tungsten electrode with separate filler rod; highest weld quality and cosmetic appearance; used for stainless steel, aluminium (AC TIG), titanium, and thin sheet; DC or AC (for aluminium oxide removal) output; key specs: HF arc start, pulse capability, AC frequency and balance control; plasma cutting — ionised gas plasma jet cuts metal at high speed; competitive with fiber laser for 3–30mm mild and stainless steel; lower capital cost than laser; key specs: input power (kW), cutting thickness (mm), cutting speed (m/min), and consumable life; submerged arc welding (SAW) — high-deposition-rate welding under flux blanket; used for structural steel fabrication (pressure vessels, shipbuilding, bridge girders, piling); robotic welding systems — integration of MIG, TIG, or laser welding with industrial robots for automated production; and laser welding machines — fiber laser beam for high-speed, low-distortion joining of thin sheet metal and precision assemblies. Safety standards: EN ISO 25980 (welding screen transparency), EN 60974 (arc welding equipment — the key European safety standard for welding power sources), and EN 169 (welding filter shade selection).

Frequently asked questions